Planning Function of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Arranging Function of Management - Essay Example The general focal point of arranging process anyway dependent on setting up an organization which can be showcase pioneer in the significant distance calls advertise specialty. Aside from this, arranging capacity was a top down methodology wherein higher administration was generally liable for all the administration arranging capacity at the association. Plan originated from the top and lower level administration really followed the plans without really giving successful criticism to the higher administration. This part of arranging thusly made it generally unbending to adjust to the distinctive outside situations wherein top administration really neglected to acknowledge in general market developments. It is additionally essential to take note of that there was an absence of elective designs for the association to manage any possibility. At the point when the general emergency hit the association, there was commonly absence of elective plans accessible to manage the possibility. Absence of compelling designs to manage the possibilities proposed that the firm couldn't shield itself against any chapter 11 procedures and the main way out for the firm was to seek financial protection. Impact of Issues Considering the general idea of the misrepresentation submitted by WorldCom, it is moderately evident that the firm had not been impacted by the lawful just as moral issues. It additionally neglected to follow the corporate social obligation codes and methods likewise while revealing its general money related condition of the undertakings.

The Similarities and Differences of Nature versus Nurture in Regards Essay - 5

The Similarities and Differences of Nature versus Nurture in Regards to Plato and Aristotles Theories - Essay Example Nature and support banter is a conversation that worries the near essentialness of individuals’ intrinsic characteristics. Nature alludes to the physical world and its substance. Then again, support alludes to the aggregate of milieu controls and conditions working on a living being. The fundamentalism in this discussion supports the building up or causing individual dissimilarities in physical and social characteristics. This discussion has endured various decades and it is accepted to last longer because of the current and developing speculations of clarifying the human conduct Plato accepted that conduct information was an aftereffect of intrinsic variables. Plato’s hypothesis suggested that all information is available during childbirth and the main thing the milieu does is to help mankind to remember the data they definitely knew. Aristotle accepted that, when people are naturally introduced to the world, they are simply clear records, whose conduct and considerations are because of experience, which is credited to the earth. Aristotle’s hypothesis clarifies that the earth is a major component in the advancement of humans’ conduct. Considering Jeannette’s case in the â€Å"Glass Castle† the condition that encompassed her childhood was brutal. For example, her dad applies a do or die way to deal with show her how to swim. Later we see Jeannette develops to a solid and exceptional lady who exceed expectations in scholastic and different everyday issues. This is a genuine impression of Plato’s hypothesis that, the earth comprises of persuasive powers that shape an individual’s conduct. The idea of Jeannette’s determination is gigantically associated to the unforgiving milieu of childhood portrayed destitution that she was she brought in.â â

Type 2 Diabetes In The Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Type 2 Diabetes In The Middle East - Essay Example WHO extends that the Middle East will represent the greatest ascent in the event of type 2 diabetes over the globe in 2030. UK’s clinical periodical â€Å"The Lancet† predicts that the populace with diabetes in this locale will arrive at 60 million of every 2030. The two projections are pretty much comparative yet show the overwhelming result of across the board stationary ways of life and unfortunate eating regimens. As per WHO, the greatest ascent in mortality from ceaseless ailments will happen in Africa and the Middle East. This prescient measurement is the result of a precise investigation of 24 examinations, which additionally indicated the pooled event of type 2 diabetes in the Middle East as 10.5%. All the more explicitly, over 1% of Iran’s urban populace beyond 20 2 2013 years old 2 diabetes in 2013 (Habibzadeh, 2012, p. 1).The most critical effect of type 2 diabetes on Middle Eastern people group is their wellbeing speculations. Human services costs are persistently ascending in the Middle East. The alliance as of late set consumption for battling the two sorts of diabetes to increment from the current $16.8 billion to $22 billion of every 2030 and $24.7 billion out of 2035 (Bell, 2013; Kerr, 2014). This expansion in social insurance speculation is sufficient to bankrupt wellbeing ventures of littler UAE individuals and Middle Eastern nations. Interests in human services frameworks speak to a money related weight to the Middle East, which is a monetary effect. Another money related weight brought about by type 2 diabetes is the loss of profitability.

Sharpes company Essay Example For Students

Sharpes organization Essay (Conversing with Sharpe) Listen Englishman, I can keep a house, however not for a man who giggles at me (Challenging Hakeswill when he is attempting to assault her) The young lady was about on to him. She had guts, for a Portuguese bitch, and he contorted to the other side to stay away from the jump of the knife In the film, Teresa depends on Sharpe more, she is increasingly similar to an ordinary lady and she sits tight for Sharpe to come and spare her. This again makes Sharpes character look brave. She additionally wears all the more womanly garments in the film; this is done to interest guys. The on-screen character playing Teresa is additionally more seasoned than I had anticipated. I dont think the character of Teresa was thrown quite well. Teresa has a littler part in the film than she does in the novel and the vast majority of her scenes were changed. This exacerbated the film than the novel. Knowles was excluded from the book; the purpose behind this was the scriptwriter possibly didnt feel that it was important to utilize an on-screen character for just a couple of scenes. Additionally, Knowles passes on and this wasnt appeared in the film. This was most likely on the grounds that the film was appraised PG and was appeared before the 9pm watershed. Someone else who was excluded was Leroy. He wasnt included on the grounds that his character was American and British individuals probably won't have needed to see an America man battling with the English and making out that he was likewise a saint. The language in the novel and the language in the film were likewise totally different. The Officers language was increasingly formal in the novel. The language on screen has been made more forward-thinking and present day. This is so individuals can comprehend the language and can watch the film as opposed to suspecting what the character was stating, in the interim forgetting about the film. There is no swearing in the film since it is a PG. This removes the adequacy in light of the fact that, if men were battling and individuals were attempting to assault their spouses they would swear. There is more utilization of Spanish and French in the film. Captions can be utilized while, in a book, you cannot have captions. This makes the film progressively compelling on the grounds that it is about a military assaulting the French and the Spanish to arrive at a spot in Spain (Badajoz). Music is utilized rather than depiction in certain spots. I dont think this is compelling on the grounds that you dont for the most part understand the music is there except if it is incredible. Once in a while the music was acceptable in light of the fact that it identified with what was happening. Different occasions the music didnt appear to relate by any stretch of the imagination. The creators of the film Sharpes Company would have experienced numerous issues during shooting including characters, setting, crowd and details. Characters: The throwing would have been an issue, getting on-screen characters who fitted the depiction of characters in the book. I dont think they defeated this very well with a couple of the characters. Setting: It would have been amazingly costly to develop sets like those depicted in the novel. The set would need to be in an authentic area. They couldnt have picked Badajoz today since it is a cutting edge town which looks in no way as it did in the war. Additionally, cast and team couldnt be moved far in light of costs. Crowd: The crowd likewise had a major impact in the recording. No sex, savagery or swearing as a result of the PG rating and the watershed. Sean Bean was cast to draw in ladies and the subject of battling pulled in men. Details: Because there were bunches of warriors in the novel and the spending plan couldnt stretch to utilize heaps of on-screen characters, diverse camera edges could be utilized to make the fantasy of more men. .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 , .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 .postImageUrl , .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 , .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17:hover , .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17:visited , .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17:active { border:0!important; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17:active , .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17:hover { mistiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e 65307fde6d17 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ucdd2414f75d71f1c1e3e65307fde6d17:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Documentary - Bowling for Columbine EssayI dont think this was extremely powerful. I have considered everything and my primary purpose behind picking the novel over the film is that the novel is increasingly enlightening and leaving. Despite the fact that there was all the more holding up in the novel, the final product was better. The characters were totally unique to what I had envisioned, particularly Hakeswill. None of the violent parts could be appeared in the film, which made it less leaving. I figure it would merit including the entirety of the swearing and the bloody bits and making the film a 18, this would make the film on a par with the novel, if worse.

The Alchemist free essay sample

The Alchemist A Fable About Following Your Dreams. By Paulo Coelho l. Life of the Author Paulo Coelho was conceived on 1947, Brazilian essayist, most popular for otherworldly tales told in basic yet emblematic language. He has gotten wide well known approval both in Brazil and universally for his work about profound journeys of self-disclosure. Written in Portuguese, Coelhos books have been converted into numerous dialects. Coelho was conceived in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Worried about his high school defiance and want to be an essayist, his folks sent him to a psychological establishment, where he got electroconvulsive treatment (ECT). In 1970 Coelho dropped out of graduate school and went around South America, North America, and Europe. He came back to Brazil in 1972 and composed verses for a few melodies that got well known in that nation. After two years he was captured by the military for supposed antigovernment action. Following his discharge Coelho turned into an account official for CBS Records in Brazil, however in the wake of losing his Job in 1980 he continued his migrant way of life. (79). Through Santiagos intellectually snappy and persuasive ways, he can accomplish any test given to him. 3. A minor character in The Alchemist, Melchizedek, assumes an immense job in Santiagos venture. Melchizedek, a King from Salem, rouses Santiago to seek after in his legend and to not stop. He is a brilliant and astute King who caused Santiago to understand that he ought to always remember the little things throughout everyday life. All things considered, there is just one recommendation I can give you, said the savvies of insightful men. The mystery of joy is to see all the wonders of the world, and never to overlook the drops of oil on the spoon. (55). Melchizedek needs to instruct Santiago to consistently concentrate on the littler things in life since they are similarly as significant than the greater things throughout everyday life. The Englishman, a man from Europe, came to Egypt to find a chemist who knows the Universal language. He wants to peruse, and is shrewd. Santiago meets the Englishman as the two of them went to a spot in Egypt, Al-Foyum. The Shopkeeper is a liberal Muslim vendor who possesses a little precious stone shop up the slope from a little market. The businessperson, a dedicated man, doesn't care for change and has dreams yet doesn't seek after in them. He utilizes the fantasies to keep him inspired and live solid. 4. The glass shop in Africa is a significant setting in this novel since it assists Santiago with recovering financially and understand that he is going to locate his own legend. The purpose of this setting is to do investigate something new throughout everyday life and that the old experiences will consistently be there to count on the off chance that he at any point fizzled. The desert assumes a gigantic job in the setting of this book since it uncovers the trouble of overcoming your own legend. The desert is a perpetual territory that is everlasting. The desert is likewise a spot where a ton of excursions start and end. For instance, Santiago headed out through the desert to get to the pyramids where as the Englishman halted his excursion to remain in the desert to become familiar with the methods of Alchemy. The desert garden, or safe spot is the place Santiago meets the Alchemist and Fatima, the lady he needs to consume his interminable time on earth with. The desert garden is viewed as a nonpartisan area in light of the fact that numerous ladies and kids live there. This is the place Santiago learns the language of the world. 5. Initial, one significant image is speculative chemistry. Speculative chemistry is pertinent to Santiago since it is the possibility of a base metal discovering its own legend and to change over itself into gold. Santiago experiences a similar procedure of the Alchemy. Santiago is the base metal discovering its own legend and after he discovers it he will end up being a rich man simply like the metal got rich gold. Likewise, another key image is Santiagos sheep. The sheep represents the possibility of the story and how a few people don't locate their own legend. The sheep just thinks about eating and drinking and their endorsement on the planet, they couldn't care less about investigating the world or seeking after into new things. 6. The prevailing subject in The Alchemist is the focal point of all close to home legends. In the book, The Alchemist, individual legend is the method of carrying on with a prosperous life and that you can be fruitful in the event that you put your psyche, body, and heart into it. The possibility that Paulo Coelho needs the perusers to gain from his book is to follow your heart, any place it might take you, and vanquish everything you could ever want regardless of whether you run over a difficult deterrent in life you ought to never stop on what you need to achieve. For instance, Santiagos guardians needed him to be a cleric however he didnt need to, rather he turned into a Shepard so he could venture to the far corners of the planet and experience new things throughout everyday life. Despite the fact that Santiago confronted numerous hindrances en route, he was still exceptionally unassuming and never surrendered his expectation. This applies in todays life in light of the fact that there are billions and billions on the planet today who have splendid dreams, yet cant seek after them as a result of ailment, low pay, they are worried about the possibility that that they will fall flat or their physical incapacities may impact them. In the event that individuals would simply be sure and determined enough, at that point they would have the option to locate their own legend. 7. To begin with, I get sheep; they are not, at this point an issue, and they can be acceptable friends. On the other hand, I dont know whether the desert can be an old buddy, and its in the desert that I need to look for my fortune. In the event that I dont discover it, I can generally return home. I at long last have enough cash, and all the time I need why not? (95). This statement is said by Santiago. This statement manufactured the novel of the entire story since this statement its what gave Santiago the inspiration to continue discovering his legend. Everything that happens once can never happen again. However, everything that happens twice will most likely happen a third time. (209). This statement is essential to the scene on the grounds that the Alchemist realized Santiago would be burglarized. So he gave him additional aiding of gold. â€Å"And, when you need something, all the universe schemes in helping you to accomplish it. † (42). Ruler Melchizedek said this statement. Its imperative to this novel in general in light of the fact that numerous individuals guided Santiago on his excursion: The precious stone shipper, The Alchemist, and Fatima. 8. I emphatically trust Santiagos most troublesome hindrance on his excursion to accomplishing his own legend is the point at which he was looted in Tangier by a man that consented to help him to Egypt. Santiago went from being a well off man in the wake of selling his rush, to an extremely poor man instantly. The peruser realizes this happens when the storyteller clarifies, He was not, at this point a Shepard, and he didn't have anything, not in any case the cash to return and begin everything once again. (63). Santiago, in any case, had the option to vanquish this test when he took Urim and Thummim, the two shakes that King Melchizedek removed from his brilliant bosom plates. â€Å"They’re called Urim and Thummim, and they can assist you with reading the signs. † (65). These stones gave him the certainty to proceed with his experience and look for his own legend.

How Does the ICD-11 Compare to the DSM-5

How Does the ICD-11 Compare to the DSM-5 Basics Print Overview of the ICD-11 for Mental Health By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on April 15, 2019  Getty / Stanislaw Pytel More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming In This Article Table of Contents Expand Development Improvements ICD-11 vs. DSM-5 Changes Components Disorders View All Back To Top The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) is a global categorization system for physical and mental illnesses published by the World Health Organization (WHO); the ICD-11 is a revised version of the ICD-10 and the first update to be developed and published in two decades. Development and Release of the ICD-11 The new version of the ICD was released on June 18, 2018 as a preliminary version that is expected to be approved the World Health Assembly in 2019 and then used as the official reporting system by member states beginning January 1, 2022. This release is an advance preview intended to allow countries to plan how they will use the new ICD-11, train health professionals in its use, and obtain necessary translations. Its important also to note that anyone can submit an evidence-based proposal for ICD revisions and that these are processed in an open and transparent way. This version was the result of work completed over the course of a decade involving 300 specialists divided into 30 work groups across 55 countries who provided input. Given that health care workers joined collaborative meetings, it can be assumed that the ICD-11 takes into consideration practical applications in addition to theoretical concepts, particularly in the area of mental health. Following the approval of the ICD-11, the WHOs Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse will publish Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines (CDDG) for the mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders listed in the ICD-11. The ICD-11 covers diseases, medical conditions, mental health disorders, etc. and is used for coding for insurance purposes, for statistical tracking of illnesses, and as a global health categorization tool that can be used across countries and in different languages. Improvements in the ICD-11 How specifically was the ICD-11 been improved in relation to the ICD-10? Improvements were made in terms of the approach to categorization and coding structure, international usage, and digital-readiness and user-friendliness. Coding Structure In terms of general improvements, the ICD-11 has a more sophisticated structure than the ICD-10. With around 55,000 codes that can be used to classify diseases, disorders, injuries, and causes of death, the ICD-11 offers a fine level of detail in coding these illnesses. In this way, a key feature of the revised system is that it provides a simple coding structure that makes it easier to record various conditions with specificity. International Applicability The ICD-11 offers guidance for its use with different cultures as well as translations into 43 different languages. In this way, the revised system provides a common coding language that can be used by healthcare professionals and researchers worldwide, which will aid in international comparisons and usage. Digital-Ready and User-Friendly The new ICD-11 was designed to be electronic and user-friendly for a global audience. It runs on a central platform and can connect to any software. In addition, it can be used in a machine readable format, expanding its potential uses in the digital age. Dimensional Approach The ICD-11 is based on a dimensional approach that is better at capturing change over time, is consistent with research evidence, and will aid recovery from illness. This dimensional approach also helps to reduce artificial comorbidity, which refers to a person being diagnosed with more than one illness when in fact their symptoms are all part of the same illness. To aid this dimensional approach, the new system includes two new chapters and a new set of categories. ICD-11 vs. DSM-5 What are the differences between the ICD-11 and the DSM-5? The most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) was published on May 18, 2013 by the American Psychiatric Association. Compared to the DSM-5, the ICD-11 is broader both in its scope and its authorship. While the DSM-5 is published by the APA and has a rather narrow scope focused on North America, the ICD-11 draws its authorship globally and is open to the public for submissions. The ICD-11 also covers medical diseases in addition to mental disorders. Finally, there are specific differences in the way different disorders are treated between the two bodies of categorization. For example, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was only just added to the ICD-11 (was not in the ICD-10), while it has long been diagnosed in North America according to the DSM-5. How Are Psychological Disorders Diagnosed? Changes in the ICD-11 This new version of the ICD-11 involved several changes to the mental health disorders that are listed, including some that may be considered controversial and others that may be long overdue in the eyes of clinicians. The following sections detail the diagnoses that were either added or deleted in the new ICD-11. Added Diagnoses Gaming disorder: Gaming disorder is newly defined in the ICD-11 as “a pattern of persistent or recurrent gaming behaviour (‘digital gaming’ or ‘video-gaming’).” Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder: Compulsive sexual behavior disorder is defined in the ICD-11 as characterized by a persistent pattern of failure to control intense, repetitive sexual impulses or urges resulting in repetitive sexual behaviour. However, it is classified as an impulse control disorder rather than an addictive disorder. Prolonged Grief Disorder: Prolonged grief disorder is defined in the ICD-11 as grief that extends beyond what most people would consider to be a reasonable amount of time. Complex PTSD: The definition of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the ICD-11 involves the three symptoms of PTSD (re-experiencing, avoiding reminders, and a heightened sense of threat/arousal) along with problems in emotion regulation, shame, guilt, and interpersonal conflict (such that it affects the persons entire life). Attention Deficit Disorder: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was finally added to the ICD-11 after not being included in the ICD-10. Given that this diagnosis has primarily been made in the United States due to it being included in the DSM-5, this is a significant change that may impact rates of ADHD diagnoses worldwide. Deleted Diagnoses Gender Incongruence: Gender incongruence is no longer listed as a mental disorder but rather a sexual health condition to avoid stigma about it being a psychological rather than medical condition. Acute Stress Disorder: Acute stress disorder is no longer included as a mental disorder and instead is now classified as a reaction to trauma (factor influencing health). This is in contrast to the DSM-5. Personality Disorders: The section on personality disorders has been completely overhauled. There is now one diagnosis of personality disorder as it was found that there was much overlap in clinical practice. This diagnosis is labeled as mild, moderate, or severe, and measured in terms of six trait domain areas to retain some of the earlier specificity of the diagnosis. This is a fairly significant departure from the original ICD personality disorder diagnosis. Whats Included in the ICD-11 The ICD-11 includes an implementation package with the following components that can be used to help ease the transition and better use the categorization system: Transition tables from ICD-10 to ICD-11Translation toolCoding toolWeb servicesManualTraining material All of these tools are accessible to those who register on the ICD-11 platform online. List of Mental Health Disorders in the ICD-11 Within the ICD-11, each mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorder listed includes a description with guidance on meaning that you can access through the website. The following is a list of each of the disorders currently included in the ICD-11 available online: Neurodevelopmental disorders    Schizophrenia or other primary psychotic disordersCatatoniaMood disordersAnxiety or fear-related disordersObsessive-compulsive or related disordersDisorders specifically associated with stressDissociative disordersFeeding or eating disordersElimination disordersDisorders of bodily distress or bodily experienceDisorders due to substance use or addictive behavioursImpulse control disordersDisruptive behaviour or dissocial disordersPersonality disorders and related traitsParaphilic disordersFactitious disordersNeurocognitive disordersMental or behavioural disorders associated with pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium A Word From Verywell While it may sound confusing that there are two systems for diagnosing mental health disorders, the important thing to remember is that the DSM-5 is primarily used in the United States while the ICD is used internationally and for insurance coding purposes. However, with this new revision of the ICD, it could be that it becomes the new standard for diagnosis. Indeed, the move toward a dimensional approach is more in keeping with current research evidence and is in line with approaches to treatment and recovery that emphasize improvement rather than the presence or absence of a disorder. If youve been diagnosed with an illness, be sure to ask your provider what diagnostic system was used for categorization and what specific disorder (and code) applies so that you have this information for future visits with health professionals or for your insurance provider. 5 Questions to Ask Yourself After an Initial Diagnosis

Ethical AI The risks and opportunities of artificial intelligence

With the exponential advancement of technology comes incredible opportunity—improved health and wellbeing, more convenience, better access to information, and the potential for better working and living conditions overall. But on the other hand, the dystopian vision of our future robot rulers feels deeply unsettling—where Big Brother is watching and technology becomes a tyrant rather than a tool. So when it comes to technological advancement in general and artificial intelligence in particular, what are the ethical considerations?  What governance should we put into place to guard against risks and responsibly wield the power of AI? What implications does this have for developers of technology, business leaders, governments, and society as a whole? These are the questions  Dr. Mark Esposito considers in his academic research as well as his own business ventures, and ones he explores with  Hult  students in the classroom. Among his other entrepreneurial and academic ventures, Mark  is the co-founder of the artificial intelligence studio  Nexus Frontier Tech  and professor of Business Economics at Hult. We asked him a few key questions to better understand what individuals, organizations, and governments should think about in order to progress  ethically in a world of big data and AI. Hult Professor Dr. Mark Esposito is a socioeconomic strategist and bestselling author, researching megatrends, business model innovations, and competitiveness. While the idea of interacting with androids might seem a long way off, in what practical applications of AI today should we be thinking about ethics? First, do no harm.  This is the vow of doctors take when it comes to ethical patient care—a form of the ancient Hippocratic Oath. However, as a doctor, there will be scenarios where, unfortunately, something goes wrong. A patient may become more unwell or die as a result of a doctors decision or misdiagnosis. Excitingly, AI is stepping in and showing promise when it comes to medicine. By using artificial intelligence to analyze data related to things like symptoms, medications, and medical history, machines are now able to make a diagnosis and determine potential treatment options in ways that are often more accurate and efficient than human doctors. But its important to  remember that our attempts to automate and reproduce intelligence are not deterministic—they are probabilistic. And that means theyre also subject to issues and experiential biases that shape all other kinds of intelligence. So while AI is showing promise as a tool for supporting and strengthening doctors’ decision-making, there are risks and ethical considerations. Just as with doctors, if you give AI  power in decision-making along with the power of analysis, at some point it will more than likely be implicated in a patient’s death. If so, is that the responsibility of the doctor relying on AI? The hospital? The engineer behind the technology? The corporation selling it? Similar considerations are relevant to things like autonomous vehicles. Who is morally responsible when something goes wrong?   So, how do we determine where responsibility or accountability lie? Whats the role of humans in the AI decision-making process? AI-analysis is a powerful tool. And of course, with great power comes great responsibility. Answers to such questions depend on how the governance is arranged—whether or not a doctor is at the end of each AI-provided analysis and the relative weight given to AI-driven insights or predictions.  In short, the buffers between the AI and the outcome. The first question around building accountability is how to keep humans in the decision loop of processes made more autonomous through AI. The next stage needs to preserve accountability in the right to understanding. That means  knowing why an algorithm made one decision instead of another. The challenge facing ethical AI is designing a clear and concise roadmap, for those who employ it, those who use it, and those affected by it. The purpose of such a roadmap is not only to understand when and how AI is used, but to help improve understanding of AI’s personal, psychological, and social consequences. The challenge facing ethical AI is designing a clear and concise roadmap, for those who employ it, those who use it, and those affected by it. The ethics around data collection and usage has been a big news story this year. What do we need to think about when it comes to AI and our data as citizens and consumers? The benefits of AI are making many of our choices easier and more convenient, and in so doing, tightening competition in the space of customer choice. As this evolution happens, the question is less to what extent is AI  framing our choices, but rather, how is it  shaping them. In such a world, we need to understand when our behavior is being shaped, and by whom. Clearly, most of us are quite comfortable living in a world where our choices are already being shaped by AI. From search engines to smooth traffic flow, many of our daily conveniences are built on the speed provided by the backend. The question we need to ask ourselves when considering AI and its governance is whether we are comfortable living in a world where we do not know if—and how—we are being influenced.  This influence could be on everything from what we buy to how we vote. With that in mind, what are businesses and governments doing now when it comes to data and AI governance? What more needs to be done? In Europe, the recent General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) gives us a right to an explanation about when and how our data is being collected and a better means of being informed about the use of that data. Governing data is essential, as is being informed, and as is providing a right to an explanation. However, this isnt enough. The unfortunate truth is that no regulation by itself will be sufficient to either govern or maintain effective governance of how our data is used. The degree to which that regulation would have to be updated to maintain pace with emerging innovation is a dilemma in itself. Going forward, politicians, coders, and philosophers certainly have their work cut out for them. Going forward, politicians, coders, and philosophers certainly have their work cut out for them. Read more on the topic of ethical AI from Mark and his colleagues: Designing a roadmap to ethical AI in government The AI Governance of AI What Governments Need to Understand About Ethical AI Interested in finding out more about Hult’s future-focused programs and how disruptive tech is built into your degree?  Download a brochure. Grow your leadership capabilities with an MBA in international business at Hult. To learn more, take a look at our blog The importance of authenticity and decision-making in leadership, or give your career a boost with our Masters in International Business. Download a brochure or get in touch today to find out how Hult can help you to learn about the business world, the future, and yourself. Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021 Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021"> During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . Happy New Year, Hultians! . Happy New Year, Hultians! .